Live in Essay Example for Free

Live in Essay22 August 2008 In January 2008, the unconditional Court reasonableated long-term expect-in relationships as marriages. A Supreme Court bench headed by arbitrator Arijit Pasayat with P Satasivan declared that children born out of such(prenominal) a relationship will no longer be called illegitimate. Law inclines in the interest of legitimacy and thumbs down whoreson or fruit of adultery, the court added.The apex court judgment was followed by similar suggestions from the study Commission for Women (NCW). In June this year, in response to recommendations made by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the NCW sought a change in the exposition of wife as set forth in Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), which deals with maintenance. The NCW recommended that women in live-in relationships should be entitled to maintenance if the man deserts her.Emphasising the need for broadening the definition of wife in the CrPC section, NCW officials tell there had been cases where the man led the charr to believe that he was un espouse or was divorced or widowed and went up with the formalities required by marriage honors or the custom governing him. As a way of countering this, NCW chairperson Girija Vyas suggested that evening if a marriage was non registered, a womans claim would stand if she provided enough proof of a long-term relationship.This underscored the Supreme Courts stand that a man and woman, having lived unitedly for long, would be presumed to have been conjoin, unless it was rebutted by convincing evidence. Equal rights The recent opinion is only the latest in a series of recommendations by various bodies seeking equal rights for the married woman and live-in female partner. A recommendation by the Justice Malinath Committee to the Law Commission of India (2003) stated that if a woman has been in a live-in relationship for a reasonable time, she should enjoy the legal rights of a wife.The Protection of Wome n from Domestic Violence Act (2005) provides protection to women at the hands of their husbands as well as live-in partners, and his relatives. When the law came into force in October 2006, it did non distinguish between the woman who is married and the woman who is in a live-in relationship. The SC ruling in itself has its precedent in a 1927 judgment made by the Privy Council, the Supreme Courts predecessor in pre-independent India. In A Dinohamy v.WL Blahamy, the Council laid down a general regulation Where a man and a woman are proved to have lived unneurotic as a man and wife, the law will presume, unless the contrary be clearly proved, that they were living together in consequence of a valid marriage and non in a state of concubinage. The Council made significant additions to the 1927 ruling in 1929 in Mohabhat Ali Vs Mohammad Ibrahim Khan. It said The law presumes in favour of marriage and against concubinage when a man and woman have cohabited continuously for a number of years. For a live-in pas de deux to be considered validly married, the court wanted evidence of cohabitation for a number of years, without specifying the minimum number of years. In Gokal Chand and Pravin Kumari (1952), the Supreme Court reiterated the 1929 principle. However, it added that though the assertion for a valid marriage between a live-in couple could be drawn from their long cohabitation, it wasnt enough to earn them legitimacy if the evidence of their living together was rebuttable.In this judgment, the apex court refused to recognise a live-in relationship, though the couple had lived together for some years before the pregnant woman decided to live alone with her child born out of a live-in relationship with the man. The rebuttal of a presumption in favour of a valid marriage, in this case, came from the child, who said she did not remember her father ever visiting her or her m early(a).In Badri Prasad (1978), the Supreme Court recognised a live-in relationship a s a valid marriage, accusing the authorities of questioning a relationship 50 years after the couple had begun living together, and were treated as a married couple even by their relatives. The view from the courts A Madhya Pradesh High Court judgment in 1985 dealt with the case of Loli, who had lived for several years with Radhika Singh. Together they had five daughters and a son. The tryout court dismissed the case made by Singhs sister-in-law that Loli should not have property rights as she was just a mistress.The sister-in-law had sought her rights over the property, and contended that Loli had started living with Singh even when her first husband was alive, and therefore, there could not be a presumption of valid marriage. But the appellate court set aside the trial courts order, a stand the Madhya Pradesh High Court also agreed with. This brings us to Payal Sharma Vs Superintendent, Nari Niketan, and others, in which a court stated in 2001 that a live-in relationship was not illegal.Sharma had move the Allahabad High Court to be left to do her own bidding after being forced to live in a Nari Niketan at Agra, future(a) her arrest, along with Ramendra Singh, with whom she had a live-in relationship. The Agra police arrested her and Singh on the basis of an FIR lodged by her father, accusing Singh, an already married man, of kidnapping Sharma. A resident of Kannauj district in Uttar Pradesh, Sharma produced documentary evidence, including her high school certificate, to prove that she was 21 years old.On the basis of this evidence, the court directed the authorities to set her free. Justice M Katju and Justice RB Mishra stated, Petitioner Smt. Payal Sharma appeared before us and stated that she is above 21 years of age, which is borne out from the high school certificate which shows that her date of birth is 10. 7. 1980. whence she is a major and has the right to go anywhere and live with anyone. In our opinion, a man and a woman, even without getting m arried, can live together if they wish to.This whitethorn be regarded as immoral by society, but is not illegal. There is a difference between law and morality. Thus, a equivalent view appears to emerge from the courts, when one looks at the history of cases on the question of live-in relationships. It appears that, by and large, legal sanction for live-in relationships is based on the assumption that they are not between equals, and therefore women must be protected by the courts from the patriarchal power that defines marriage, which covers these relationships too. Shades of greyBut such protective sanction raises other questions, notably about the institution of marriage itself, for which there are no easy answers. Supposing a live-in relationship is between a man who is already married with children, and a single woman? In Payal Sharma, Ramendra Singh was a married man with children. Which womans interest should the courts and law protect, and in doing so, can the apparent equ ality between married and unmarried couples be maintained? Live-in relationships also raise questions about legal stance towards bigamy.In spirit and essence, the Allahabad High Court judgement contradicts the law against bigamy for Hindus, both for men and women, which make it mandatory for a husband or wife to get a divorce before they can marry again. When bigamy is illegal however for Muslims in what sense can a live-in relationship be equal to a marriage, if either the man or the woman is already married? And how is it that a division bench of a High Court is able to pronounce a judgement that openly violates the social, legal and filial implications that bind the husband in a Hindu marriage, which includes living with the wife and children under the same roof?Theres also the question of marriage-like protection for a woman who enters a relationship with mortal she isnt married to, by choice or circumstance. Does a female partner need the protection of legal standing equiva lent to that of a wife, in a non-married relationship she entered into by choice or circumstance? To marry, or not to marry? Live-in relationships among urban, educated, upper-middle class young people began as a declaration of independence, as a way of keeping away from the shackles of institutionalised marriages.In fact, its a willful rejection of the institution of marriage, of the stereotypes it engenders, and of the restrictions and inequalities it has come to stand for. But, legal sanction granted to a live-in relationship may put it back in the trap that live-in partners sought to evade in the first place. This legal sanction implies that live-in relationships are bound by the same rules of fidelity, commitment and economic stability that marriage is structured in.Social geographer Soma Das says that people who opt for live-in relationships do so because they do not believe in marriage. If live-in relationships are treated on par with marriage, many young men and women may no t really like to get into such open relationships. At the other end, ensuring maintenance and giving legal sanction to live-in relationships will not make the position of the female partner equal to that of the wife because social acceptance in Indian society will take a very long time.It still does not have a mental capacity that accepts the estranged female partner of a live-in relationship. Psychologist Shenaz B Ilavia believes that live-in relationships are still confined to a marginal segment of society which she calls the elite, upper middle class. Theoretically, it may sound like a better proposition than marriage, but very few people actually opt for it. A live-in relationship is not a substitute for marriage, she says.

Animal Testing Essay Example for Free

Animal Testing EssayAbdulrahman.BahjatAUISAugust 5, 2013We atomic number 18 at war, and we will do what we need to win (joey-gruber.tripod). in that respect is much debate over whether savage exam should be allowed or not. Some plurality look at that it is not essential to sacrifice animals for sympathetic put on because they are being abused and tortured s ever soely during experiments. Those People who stand against animal examination claim that worldly concern eliminate many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) lives on populace in order to safe earth lives, So there is no justice because notwithstanding animals have the right to live on earth, yet these people do not consider the truth that animals are being used in the food industry. Many governing bodys such as (PETA), which is the biggest organization against animal interrogation, think that animal testing is one of the most disturbing experiments ever, and it should be banned. However, these organizations absolu tely do not look at the big picture because animal testing uses whole common pests to test on, improves health and medicine, and ensures the safety of cosmetic outputs for the human use. Many organizations claim that animal testing reduces animals numbers and lead them to face extinction. In addition, these people say that through animal testing humans destroy the lives of many organisms. However, researchers use only pests in their experiments to test on. Animal testing gives humans more benefit by decreasing the pests to humans. 60% of all animals are mice and 20% are rats and guinea pigs and rabbits are 10% all together(PETA).This claim comes from an organization which is surprisingly stands against animal testing. The statistic above shows that animal testing does not damage animals on our planet. Many diseases are being transmitted to humans by these pests deal rats. One of the most historically dangerous rat-borne diseases is the bubonic plague, also called Black Plague, an d its variants.. fleas transported on rats are considered responsible for this plague during the Middle Ages, which killed millions(Orkin). It is real obvious that many people know what happened during the Middle Ages when Black Plague spread over London. It was one of the historical diseases that killed thousands of people, so we can avoid such these devastating diseases by reducing rats numbers simultaneously with getting benefit to our race. Many people think that animal testing does notimprove human health and medicine, and it is only used to develop silly things, such as toiletries. Also, those people think that humans cannot ensure the safety of drugs through animal testing because they say that humans do not have completely similar body to animals. However, those people do not know the fact that is the major pro for animal testing is helping researchers in creating drugs and treatments to improve human health and medicine. Animal testing is very essential to many scientific communities.In fact, there are many people who stand against animal testing for cosmetic products, but still support animal testing for medicine function. Many medical treatments, especially for cancer and HIV drugs are being found through animal testing (About Animal Testing). These diseases that I listed above are the most severe diseases that humans ever known because they have been suffered from, but through animal testing scientists are making great progress to figure out drugs that can end the calamity of these diseases. Animal testing helps to ensure the safety of drugs and many other substances humans (About Animal Testing). Basically, drugs can carry a great danger to humans if they are used without any assurance of its safety. This means that through animal testing we can prevent the potential danger of drugs simultaneously with saving many human lives.Furthermore, some people think that we cannot ensure the safety of cosmetic products for human uses because humans and a nimals do not have completely similarities outside structure among them which may lead to many mistakes after using these products. However, those people do not look at the details which are the ones that matter. When scientists use animals to test on, they really do not care about the external structure, but they really care about the common organs and physical traits. Through animal testing we can test even the first toilet paper in order to know whether these products are safe for human use. Researchers often work with animal models that have biological systems similar to that of a human(Amprogress). This is why scientists use animals as models to test on because the common similarities that humans and animals have.It is really an inevitable fact that even if humans find out new methods of testing, companies will restore animal testing on new products to ensure full safety of any product (cosmeticproduct-europe). Animal testing is an irreplaceable, and without it we can rarely a chieve full safety insurance. It is really important to test all cosmetic productson animals because these products are unremarkably chemical products that carry danger with them. In conclusion, I think that animal testing is really needed to improve the quality of societies, and that can be achieved by the results and discoveries of animal testing. Animal testing is a great way to find out how a living body reacts to different products which can help us to find out whether these products are safe to be used by humans, so if humans want to develop their communities, animal testing cannot be avoided.Cited give out1-Joey Gruber Tripod, http//joey-gruber.tripod.com/id2.html 2-Peta, http//www.peta.org/search/SearchResults.aspx?q=statistics 3-Orkin, http//www.orkin.com/rodents/rats/rat-borne-diseases/ 4-About animal testing, http//www.aboutanimaltesting.co.uk/using-animals-testing-pros-versus-cons.html 5- Amprogress, http//www.amprogress.org/AnimalResearchFAQ6- Cosmeticproduct-europe, http//www.cosmeticsdesign-europe.com/Formulation-Science/L-Oreal-animal-testing-alternatives-vital-but-ensuring-product-safety-is-a-MUST

The declaration of independence

The resolution of independenceThe Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Its purpose was to hold up the 13 colonies in America free and independent from Great Britain, get other colonists on board, and to encourage other nations to help them. Jefferson non only wrote how they were rending from Britain, save he also gave thorough reasoning as to why they should be allowed to do so. In order to do that he used deductive logic in this enter. In addition, mevery people wonder if the declaration had been developed in a different format, such as a serial or syllogistic arguments, how persuasive it would be. From a literary perspective, it would not have been as persuasive as the original document. Another reason why the declaration is so persuasive is that Jefferson uses friendly, brotherly language to show his unity to them.The reason why the Declaration of Independence is so persuasive is that Jefferson uses deductive arguments, which includes examples of Britains wrong doings, which gives the psyche reading the document a chance to see exactly why they are wear outing from Great Britain. One of the strongest deductive arguments in the declaration is, That to solid these rights, Governments are instituted among men. This means that any legitimate government is created to protect peoples rights such as, Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. Throughout the declaration Jefferson shows how Great Britain is not protect their rights, but interfering with them. For example, he states how the king keeps sending over soldiers and expects the people to house and feed them. How would you feel if the government just placed a odd in your home and told you he could eat your hard-earned food? These soldiers were also allowed to disobey the laws in the colonies and not be punished for them. This is not what you call protecting peoples rights it is to a greater extent like invading them. Another very strong deduc tive argument in this document is, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. This means any power or authority that a government has is given to them by the consent of the people, but this right like some(prenominal) others was abused too. For instants, Jefferson wrote that they have Petitioned for indemnification repeatedly, meaning they sent many petitions to the king about many unfair problems in the colonies, wanting to come to some type of agreement. Nevertheless, the king does not settle them but continues to hurt them. This shows that the king did not care about the peoples consent therefore, he is not implicating a just government and they have the right to break free from Great Britain.If the Declaration were developed in a series of syllogistic arguments, it would not be very persuasive on stating why they should separate from Britain. For example, whether the syllogisms were Aristotles or Toulmins form it would not be a very formal format for a gover nment document. If this document were in syllogisms, there would be many repeated major premises or warrants, which would cause no concision and wordiness. Syllogisms would be of better use if you were outlining or organizing the declaration into your own understanding.The main subject besides logic that helped the persuade the colonist they had the right to break from Great Britain, was the language in which Jefferson wrote the declaration. He used words such as brethren, universal kindred, and fellow citizen, which implied that they were all in this together. He even shows them how the colonies have tried their best to avoid violent conflict with Great Britain but the king would not compromise. For instants, they had sent many petitions to Britain to come to some type of agreement, but the king continued to hurt the colonies. Jefferson was arguing that they have tried to work with Great Britain but they continue to send mercenaries to kill people, burn down towns, ravage ships, and capture citizens and make them do very immoral things to their own people. No nation should rag back and let these horrible things happen to them, so by stating these different scenarios it encourages the fellow colonists that it is time to fight for their rights.In conclusion, the declaration of independence is a document that jump-started the United States. It explains why they had to the right to separate from Great Britain, and many unjust actions they inflicted upon the colonies. The declaration is a very thorough complex document that would not worked in any other format. If Jefferson would have wrote this document in a different way would we be in the place we are today?

Astronaut Performance and Health Risks

Astronaut Performance and Health RisksOne of the major NASAs operation is space geographic expedition which is the constant investigation and discovery of celestial patterns in the space by means of split uping and increasing space engineering science. Although the space is studied by astronomers using telescopes, it can be physically explored both by unmanned robotic assistances and human astronauts. As the period of the space mission and the distance of the exploration increases, the importance of systems supervise astronaut rise upness increases as well. For example, as a result of factors such as gravity fields, space radiation, change in pressure, change in oxygen level, distance and long-term weightlessness, human body may suffer significant hazardous effects including muscle atrophy, spaceflight osteopenia, cardiovascular system malfunctioning, balance disorders, eyesight disorders and immune system weakening. NASAs new policies for space exploration by astronauts mandat es significant changes and improvements in astronaut health monitoring systems. Therefore, health monitoring throughout all phases of space exploration including in-flight and extra-vehicular exercise is essential. The real-time monitoring of astronauts physiological situations should be performed, either onboard or from Earth, and the obtained information must be evaluated.To examine the astronauts performance and health risks involved with space missions and develop essential technology and breakthroughs to minimize the risks and provide safer and more effective exploration, the Human Research Program (HRP) has been found at NASA 1. The research scope of this program falls on quaternity sections of Exploration Medical Capability, Human Factors and Behavioral Performance, Human Health Countermeasure, and Space Radiation. The overall emphasis of Exploration Medical Capability research section is to develop novel technologies to deal with the challenges of extending human space ex ploration and habitation. It is particularly intend to provide evidence-based techniques to observe and preserve astronaut health. To fulfil this objective, it is necessary to develop methods to describe and avoid any health risks that might happen during space missions 2. To do so, an integrated research plan is employed by HRP to recognize the methods and research activities intended to deal with health threats, which ar allocated to certain sections within the program and is placing requests for more detailed and accurate data to be recorded relative to astronaut health monitoring. Such efforts are raising awareness for the need to deploy effective and comprehensive physiological monitoring in order to develop accurate software documentation of astronaut health during Extra-vehicular activity and event performance.Conventionally, the only physiological factor observed through NASA extra-vehicular activities was the heart rate. Modern spacesuits integrate comprehensive life-sup port systems and standard components. These spacesuits extremely assist space missions mostly throughout maintenance jobs and exploration operations. A variety of spacesuits has been made in the course of time and they have authentic into todays modern, modular and self-contained forms 3. Monitoring the crew members through their spacesuits during the space operations such as extra-vehicular activities provides the information about the performance and health of the members as well as the environmental awareness which is necessary to fulfil mission requirements. However, most of these methods require direct contacts of sensors, either in the form of electrode or garment, to the body which, beneath certain conditions such as anxiety and perspiration, make the results not to be error-free 4.Therefore, the need for contact-less sensors able to monitor physiological and health status of the astronauts especially during extra-vehicular activity is essential. Furthermore, these sensor s must be non-invasive or minimally invasive and very sensitive and provide real time information. On top of that, the sensors should be durable, gravity-independent, low in power consumption, compact in size while simply repairable or replaceable. To fill the gap for effective monitoring we propose..The objectives of this proposal are highly aligned with NASAs requirements as follows 1EVA 10 Can knowledge and use of real-time physiological and system parameters during EVA operations improve crew health and performance?EVA 8 What are the physiological inputs and outputs associated with EVA operations in exploration environments?Osteo 5 We need an inflight capability to monitor bone turnover and bone mass changes during spaceflight.Sleep offend 1 We need to identify a set of validated and minimally obtrusive tools to monitor and measure sleep-wake activity and associated performance changes for spaceflight.SM7.1 Determine if there are decrements in performance on functional tasks af ter long-duration spaceflight. Determine how changes in physiological function, exercise activity, and/or clinical data account for these decrements.Team shift 2 We need to identify a set of validated measures, based on the key indicators of team function, to effectively monitor and measure team health and performance fluctuations during autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.References1 https//humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/2 https//humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Explore/3 https//www.nasa.gov/feature/the-next-generation-of-suit-technologies4 https//www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/technology-onepagers/life-guard.html

Hereditary Component Analysis for MS

Hereditary Component Analysis for MSThe family and twin studies provide evidence of the presence of an important hereditary component in the etiology of MS, with percentages of heritability ranging from 24% to 31.6% (Bellia et al., 2009 Lin et al. ., 2005 Oneill et al., 2015). Among the etiopathogenic models to explain the origin of MS, partial lipodystrophy, which results from mutations in the LAMINA A / C (LMNA) factors or the peroxisomal proliferator activated sensory receptor (PPARg) gene, is a paradigm of genetic processes affect (Hegele and Pollex, 2005). The PPARg gene, which is involved in the processes of differentiation and functioning of adipocytes, is believed to be related to the etiopathogenesis of corpulency (Ristow et al., 1998 Moustafa and Froguel, 2013). Specifically, the -form of PPAR is believed to play an essential role in the origin of MS, since it regulates the oxidation and transport of sebaceous acids and the generation of lipoproteins (Guan and Breyer 2 001, Tan, Zhuang and Wahli, 2017). PPAR is a key regulator in the process of adipogenesis and its increased function results in increased body mass, whereas decreased activity arrive ats weight sacking and the development of IR ( Deeb et al., 1998, Majid et al., 2016).The adiponectin regulatory gene (APN gene), a hormone involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolism, could induce IR by cut down the synthesis of this hormone (Maeda et al. , 2002 Yamauchi et al., 2003). Plasma adiponectin levels are inversely related to body mass and may have an important protective role against MS because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiatherogenic effectuate (Esfahani et al., 2015). In addition, certain genetic polymorphisms have been identified for this gene that are related to the synthesis of insulin, IR and DM (Filippi et al., 2004).The CD36 receptor gene for thrombospondin, whose function is to harbour and capture lucubratety acids to be used by other tissues, is also a candidate in the etiopathogenesis of MS (Love-Gregory et al., 2008 Zhou et al., 2016 ), Since we know that fatty acids induce IR, obesity and inflammation (Roden, 2007). It is described that CD36 deficiency causes an imbalance in glucose levels in response to insulin, as well as higher levels of fatty acids, TR, fasting glucose and note pressure (MA) (Ma et al., 2004 Pioltine et al. Al., 2017).The enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11-HSD1), whose function is to interconvert 11-inert ketosteroids, cortisone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHC), to its 11-hydroxy active forms, cortisol and corticosterone. 11-HSD1 is considered to have an important etiological factor in obesity. Although go concentrations of glucocorticoids are not elevated in prevalent forms of human obesity, locally enhanced glucocorticoid response in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue has been concerned in MS (Walker, 2007 Cai et al., 2016) . Clinically, RI and H T are associated with increased courier RNA alpha glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and the number of receptors in skeletal muscle, and a positive association between messenger RNA levels for both GR Such as 11-HSD1 in skeletal muscle for the condition of insulin resistance (Seckl, Morton and Chapman 2004 Freude et al., 2016).-adrenergic receptors regulate the lipolysis and metabolism of free fatty acids. The 3-adrenergic receptor (3AR) is a candidate gene for abdominal obesity and is related to visceral fat (Krief et al., 1993 Chen et al., 2015). Increased 3AR function leads to increased catecholamine-induced lipolysis in the visceral fat of subjects with abdominal obesity, as well as to a lower metabolic rate and a lower activity of the resting sympathetic nervous system, all of them characteristics of MS (Shihara et al. Groop and Orho-Melander, 2001, Luglio, Sulistyoningrum and Susilowati, 2015)The Calpain-10 gene (CAPN10), which encodes the corresponding protein, has been associated with an increased risk of DM and RI becoming a strong candidate in the pathogenesis of MS (Orho-Melander et al., 2002 Loya Mndez Et al., 2014). It is also related to high blood pressure (Chen et al., 2007), overweight and obesity (Orozco et al., 2014), high cholesterol (Wu et al., 2005) and elevated triglyceride levels (Carlsson, Fredriksson et al. Groop, 2004), all components of the syndrome being analyzed. Another scientific work found in a haplotype of the polymorphism of this gene a risk factor for MS in patients with DM (Kang et al., 2006). It also establishes association with two indicators of the presence of IR, such as high glucose levels after a tolerance test and with HOMA values of RI (Saez et al., 2008).Other genes possibly implicated are those that encode the C-reactive protein, the best inflammatory biomarker, a characteristic of MS and also a predictor of CVR (Devaraj, Singh and Jialal, 2009), as well as the encoder of substrate 1 Of the insulin receptor (IRS1), who se mutations are associated with DM and IR (Kubota et al., 2000). In any case, the genetic ethiopatology leaves unresolved the joust regarding the predisposing causative factor of MS, since in the scientific community there are defenders of the IR as the main factor involved, while others are inclined to obesity and metabolic dysfunction Of lipids as the most important agent (Alberti et al., 2009 Dragsbk et al., 2016 Gluvic et al., 2017).

Essay --

Before Augustus, there was Julius Caesar. Caesar appointed himself as dictator for life in Rome. Caesar tell himself all powerful and had control over the entire government. However, Brutus and Cassius assassinated Caesar because they believed he was fitting too powerful and had created a monarch butterflyy. Caesar was the granduncle of Augustus and because of this, Augustus wanted to avoid a connection with Caesar roots in becoming a dictator. Augustus avoided a tyranny and he could eliminate the risk of being assassinated like Caesar. In turn, Augustus redact on a facade of seeming as though he was non becoming all-powerful. In order to deceive the government, Augustus denied any attempts that were given to him to hold up the thr i as an authoritarian and continued to do great things for the will of the mountain, to be seen in a good light. While putting on a disguise for the Senate and the people, he made it seem as though power was in the hands of the Senate, when in actua lity, he was consolidating power into his own hands. Augustus was seen as the saver of the people of Rome during the time of starvation. In the Res Gestae, Augustus explains that he declined the offer of being king by the people and the senate he further states, I did not decline at a time of the greatest scarcity of grain the charge of the grain-supplyI freed the entire people, at my own expense. Augustus refused to take the throne because it would dedicate him seem as though he was a dictator, standardized to Julius Caesar. Instead, to gain the peoples respect, he entice the Roman people. According to Tacitus, an action of this gratitude was one form of gaining the people trust and keeping the Senate in the shadows of his true plan. Tacitus, though, sheds some negative... ... as though he was, no one could challenge his authority. Augustus persuaded the Roman people and Senate through briberies that he was not all-powerful, but a good person. He wanted everyone to see him as n o less than the average Roman person. by Res Gestae written by Augustus, he shows his lavish gifts and the ways in which he declined the throne a few times to move away from becoming Julius Caesar regiment. However, many people such as Dio Cassius and Tacitus were not fooled by his ways and knew that he had a plan the entire time to have absolute power, similar to that of Caesar. The Senate and magistracies were weaker under Augustus rule because he had maintained the Senate powers in his own hands. Due to this, many people did not oppose him. In the end, Augustus formed a monarch and use discretion to not show the people and the Senate of his true tactics.

The Elimination of Natural Theology Essay -- Religion Religious Theolo

The Elimination of Natural TheologyABSTRACT The dispute between fideists and rationalists seems intractable since those who argue for faith alone claim that they are pained by the use of reason in religion. The advocates of reason claim that they are equally offended by the appeal to faith. This dispute may be resolute by wake that those who rely on faith may be seen as engaging in an experiment of living, so they can become office staff of a rational experiment without having to alter their practice in contrast, those who use reason to justify religion can be seen as addressing a ghostly need. From an evangelical point of view, it would be wrong to disparage the mathematicians use of the mathematical proof of Gods existence (such as Gdels). Wittgensteinian objections to earthy theology can be met by showing that the use of reason in religion is distinct from the general kind of philosophical guesswork to which Wittgenstein right objected. Those who claim that one must alread y have faith in order to seek understanding successfully can be answered by showing that their claim can be tested empirically only when there is a robust practice of natural theology among those who do and do not have a prior faith. There is reason for thinking religion should be subjected to a more rigorous scrutiny than used in blue matters. For the purposes of this paper, opinions on the right relationship between faith and reason may be organized as 1. pure fideism = enter into no give-and-take regarding the rationalness of religion. 2. ratiocinative fideism = avoid the practice of natural theology, but provide a rational defense of such avoidance. 3. conditional rationalism=accept a rational scrutiny of religion but only under... ...ology. refreshing York Charles Scribners,1966.Malcolm, Norman. Wittgenstein A religious Point of View? Ithaca Cornell University Press, 1994.Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. London Longmans, 1859.Popper, Karl R. Conjectures and Refutations The G rowth of scientific Knowledge. New York Harper & Row, 1968Russell, Bertrand. Can trust Cure Our Troubles? reprinted in Why I am Not a Christian. London Unwin, 1967.Swinburne, Richard. The Coherence of Theism, revised edition. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1993.Tessin, Timothy, and Mario von der Ruhr, eds. school of thought and the Grammar of Religious Belief. New York St. Martins Press, 1995.Wang, Hao. Reflections on Kurt Godel. Cambridge The MIT Press, 1987.Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Vermischte Bemerkungen, translated by Peter Winch in Culture and Value, second edition (Oxford Blackwell, 1980). The Elimination of Natural Theology Essay -- Religion Religious TheoloThe Elimination of Natural TheologyABSTRACT The dispute between fideists and rationalists seems intractable since those who argue for faith alone claim that they are offended by the use of reason in religion. The advocates of reason claim that they are equally offended by the appeal to faith. This dispute ma y be resolved by showing that those who rely on faith may be seen as engaging in an experiment of living, so they can become part of a rational experiment without having to alter their practice in contrast, those who use reason to justify religion can be seen as addressing a spiritual need. From an evangelical point of view, it would be wrong to disparage the mathematicians use of the mathematical proof of Gods existence (such as Gdels). Wittgensteinian objections to natural theology can be met by showing that the use of reason in religion is distinct from the general kind of philosophical speculation to which Wittgenstein rightly objected. Those who claim that one must already have faith in order to seek understanding successfully can be answered by showing that their claim can be tested empirically only when there is a robust practice of natural theology among those who do and do not have a prior faith. There is reason for thinking religion should be subjected to a more rigorous s crutiny than used in secular matters. For the purposes of this paper, opinions on the right relationship between faith and reason may be organized as 1. pure fideism = enter into no discussion regarding the rationality of religion. 2. ratiocinative fideism = avoid the practice of natural theology, but provide a rational defense of such avoidance. 3. conditional rationalism=accept a rational scrutiny of religion but only under... ...ology. New York Charles Scribners,1966.Malcolm, Norman. Wittgenstein A Religious Point of View? Ithaca Cornell University Press, 1994.Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. London Longmans, 1859.Popper, Karl R. Conjectures and Refutations The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. New York Harper & Row, 1968Russell, Bertrand. Can Religion Cure Our Troubles? reprinted in Why I am Not a Christian. London Unwin, 1967.Swinburne, Richard. The Coherence of Theism, revised edition. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1993.Tessin, Timothy, and Mario von der Ruhr, eds. Philosophy a nd the Grammar of Religious Belief. New York St. Martins Press, 1995.Wang, Hao. Reflections on Kurt Godel. Cambridge The MIT Press, 1987.Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Vermischte Bemerkungen, translated by Peter Winch in Culture and Value, second edition (Oxford Blackwell, 1980).